Mastaba of Queens Khenut and Nebet

The Mastaba of the Two Brothers is located in the section of the Pyramid of Unas, in the Necropolis of Saqqara. The 'Two Brothers' are Niankhkhnum and Khnemhotep who lived during the Fifth Dynasty, occupying the position of the 'Priests of Ra' in the Sun-Temple of King Neuserre (Nyuserra) and 'Chief

The Pyramid of Sekhemkhet is located in the section of Unas Pyramid, in the Necropolis of Saqqara. Though unfinished, the Complex of Sekhemkhet is similar to that of King Zoser in most of its parts and in its plan.

Mereruka held the title "Vizier of the King (Teti) of Upper and Lower Egypt", an office which made him the second most powerful person in the state, as both Prime Minister and Chief Justice. Not only was he a vizier of Teti, but also the husband of his daughter, who was also buried in the mastaba.

One of the splendid examples of the Sun Temples, built by the rulers of the Fifth Dynasty to express their preference to the Heliopolitan sun-god Re, is that of King Neuserre at Abu-Ghourab. In its general features, it owes much to the typical pyramid complex

The site of Abusir includes a group of tombs of high officials from the Old Kingdom, among which is the massive Tomb of Ptah-Shepses who lived at the end of the Fourth Dynasty and during the reign of King Ne-user-Re of the Fifth Dynasty. The tomb lies at a short distance in the southeast of the Pyra

From the Temple of Ne-user-Re, we knew that the general complex of a Sun Temple consists of the god's temple, the causeway, and the valley temple. The god's temple consists of a gateway that leads to a long court that leads to a transverse hall with three entrances: the western one leads to an open

Revealed by Alain Zivie, the Tomb of Aper-el (or Aperia) is located in the section of Unas Pyramid, in the Necropolis of Saqqara. Aper-el was a vizier under the reigns of Amenhotep III and Akhenaten in the Eighteenth Dynasty. The entrance to the tomb lies in an area known as Abwab el-Qotat (Doors of

The Double Mastaba of Ptahhotep and Akhhotep is located in the western section of the Necropolis of Saqqara, in the way to the Serapeum. Dating back to the Fifth Dynasty of the Old Kingdom, it is a double mastaba that housed the bodies of Ptah Hotep and Akhti Hotep, who might have been Ptah Hotep's

The Mastaba of Ankhmahor is situated in the section of the Pyramid of Unas, in the Necropolis of Saqqara. Ankhmahor held the titles of a Vizier, 'First under the King', and 'Overseer of the Great House' during the reign of King Teti. The tomb is known as 'the Physician's Tomb' as it contains scenes

Mehu was ‘Chief Justice and Vizier’ during the early part of Dynasty VI, probably during the reigns of Teti and Pepy I, and was married to three wives. One of his wives, Iku, is named as ‘King’s daughter of His Body’ and the others were Nebt and Nefertkawes. The Mastaba of Mehu lies in t

Pharaoh Shepseskaf was the last ruler of the Fourth Dynasty and reigned for perhaps 5 years. The Mastaba of Shepseskaf (also known as 'Mastabet Pharaon') is located a few dozen meters southeast of the 6th dynasty pyramid of Pepi II, in the southern section of the Necropolis of Saqqara. The mastaba's

Kagmeni (also known as Memi) was an official, a judge, and a priest. The apotheosis of Kagemni's career took place under the Sixth Dynasty ruler Teti (2321-2290 BC), when he became vizier and head of all the judges of the country. He was a son-in-law of King Teti through marriage to Nebty-nebu-khet.

The Pyramid of King Djedkare is located in the southern section of the Necropolis of Saqqara. The owner of the pyramid was the 8th ruler of the Fifth Dynasty in the Old Kingdom. Both the pyramid and the rest of its complex are now completely destroyed. To the north of its mortuary temple, were disco

The Pyramid of Merenre I is located in the southern section of the Necropolis of Saqqara. It dates back to King Mer-En-Ra (Merenre) of the Sixth Dynasty. Built close to that of his father, Pepi I, Merenre's pyramid is distinguished with its unfinished state. Within the tomb's burial chamber, the bod

The Pyramid of Pepy I is located in the southern section of the Necropolis of Saqqara. It is famous for the Pyramid Texts written on its walls. It is known that the name of the pyramid is 'Pepy Men-nefer", which means 'the Pyramid of Pepy is Stable and Beautiful'. From 'Men-nefer', the name of the c

The Pyramid of Pepy II is located in the southern section of the Necropolis of Saqqara. King Pepi II ruled the country for about 94 years, longer than any pharaoh. His pyramid has a complex with a mortuary temple, a causeway and a valley temple. Some of the depictions of these temples manifest multi

The Pyramid of Queen Iput, wife of King Teti (2323-2291), was constructed at a distance of about 100 m to the north of the mortuary temple of her husband. It is small is size; and it seems that it was constructed in the reign of Pepy I. At a distance to the north of the Pyramid of Iput, there were f

The Pyramid of Khuit, which belongs to Teti's wife, Khuit, is located in the section of Teti Pyramid in the Necropolis of Saqqara, near the Pyramid of Teti's other wife, Iput. The pyramid (now in ruins) once had a mortuary temple, with an offering hall and a false door altar. There are some decorati

The Pyramid of Neith is located in the southern section of the Necropolis of Saqqara, near the pyramid of her husband, Pepi II. The pyramid had a complex surrounded by an enclosure wall, a mortuary temple, two obelisks and a false door. The depictions on the wall show ornamented lions and offerings.

The Pyramid of Userkaf is located in the middle section of the Necropolis of Saqqara, near Zoser Complex. Dating back to Fifth Dynasty, it belongs to King Userkaf. Due to the great deal of damage the pyramid suffered, it looks unsmoothed. Its original height measures about 44.5 m. It does not differ

The Pyramid of Userkaf is located in the middle section of the Necropolis of Saqqara, near Zoser Complex. Dating back to Fifth Dynasty, it belongs to King Userkaf. Due to the great deal of damage the pyramid suffered, it looks unsmoothed. Its original height measures about 44.5 m. It does not diff

The Pyramid of Teti is located in the section of the Pyramid of Teti in the Necropolis of Saqqara. Its original height was about 52.5 m. It was poor in its architectural design, but inside it are some Pyramid Texts, inscribed all around the walls of the Burial Chamber and the inner corridors. This p

The Step Pyramid Complex was built by King Zoser (Djoser) of the Third Dynasty and designed by his architect Imhotep. The only entrance of the complex is situated to the south-east corner that leads into a Colonnade. As soon as you pass from the entrance, you will be in a narrow passage, the roof of

The Ibis and Baboon Serapeum is located in the northern section of the Necropolis of Saqqara. They are underground galleries reserved for burying the ibis and baboon after their mummification as being the sacred bird and animal for god Djehuty, the god of wisdom and knowledge. These galleries remain

Dating back to the Roman Period, the Pantheon of the Philosophers is a semi-circle of statues of famous Greek philosophers and poets, located in the western section of the Necropolis of Saqqara. The 'Pantheon of the Philosophers' was a name given to the place where some statues of the Greek philosop

Dating back to the Greco-Roman Period, the Serapeum is located in the western section of the Necropolis of Saqqara. Close to the Serapeum lies the Greek Philosophers Circle, which contains statues of Plato, Heraclites, Pythagoras and Pindar. The Serapeum was located in 1851 by Auguste Mariette. It c

Horemheb was the "General of Generals of the Army" during the reigns of Tutankhamun and Ay. He ordered the works of his tomb before he occupied the throne as a Pharaoh after the death of King Ay. discovered in 1975, the Tomb of King Horemheb is located in the section of the Pyramid of Unas, in the N

Hesire was a high official during the reign of Netjerikhet (Dosjer) of the Third Dynasty. He held the titles of: 'The Great one of Buto', 'Chief Dentist', 'Priest of Horus' and 'Royal Scribe'. He also held important positions, such as 'Chief of the Royal Scribes', the 'Greatest of the Tens of Upper

The Tomb of Kaaper (or Ka-Aper) is situated in the northern section of the Necropolis of Saqqara. Dating back to the Fifth Dynasty, during the reign of King Userkaf, the tomb belongs to a noble called Ka-Aper who was a ‘Scribe of the Royal Armies’ (probably on the Eastern Frontier). It was exc

Dug entirely out of the rocky wall, the Tomb of Irukaptah is located in the section of Unas Pyramid, in the Necropolis of Saqqara. The tomb is known as the 'the Butchers Tomb'. Its owner was a chief of the butchers in the Royal Court during the Fifth Dynasty. In the eastern part of the tomb, in whic

Nefer held the titles ‘Supervisor of Artisans’ and ‘Director of Choir Singers’ during early Fifth Dynasty. His tomb was a non-royal tomb of two esteemed musicians, a father and a son. It is located in the section of Unas Pyramid, in the Necropolis of Saqqara. The tomb of Nefer is usually ope

Maya was Overseer of the Treasury and Overseer of Works during the reign of the boy-king Tutankhamun in the Eighteenth Dynasty. At Tutankhamun's death, Maya was responsible for the royal burial, which contained objects inscribed with his name. It was Maya who helped to re-establish the traditional c

Neferherenptah was a barber in the royal palace with the title ' Overseer of Hairdressers of the Great House'. He was the father of a judge and scribe called Ptahshepses. The Mastaba of Neferherenptah was found among a group of rock-cut tombs on the southern side of the causeway of Unas at Saqqara.

The Tomb of Neferrenpet (Neferren-pet) is located in the section of Unas Pyramid, in the Necropolis of Saqqara. It dates back to the reign of Ramses II of the Nineteenth Dynasty. The excavations at this archeological site were taken over by Sayed Tewfik, dean of archaeology of the same University. B

The Tomb of Idut (Idu) is located in the section of the Pyramid of Unas, in the Necropolis of Saqqara. It is one of the highly important tombs at the site. Its owner was a princess of the Royal Family who lived during the end of the Fifth Dynasty and until the beginning of the Sixth Dynasty. The tom

Ti was an overseer of the pyramids and Sun-Temples of Kings Neferirkare and Neuserre of the Fifth Dynasty. His Tomb is located in the western section of the Necropolis of Saqqara. Its fame among the other tombs at Saqqara largely depends on its huge size, its unique architectural design and the rich