Since there were few purely-Greek cities throughout
Egypt
(namely Alexandria , Necratis and Ptoloemea) , Greek emigrants dispersed along the Egyptian countryside , then they tried to group themselves , not in polises but clans in the gymnasium .
Octavius
gave these gymnasiums an official status and created some posts . And this is how the local administration started .
Like the
Greeks
, the Romans considered Egypt their own barn , but unlike the Ptolemies , the resources of Egypt went out of the country , mainly to Rome . There were many taxes , the most famous of which was the "laographia" . The total taxes paid by an Egyptian farmer ascended to 48 drachmas annually , while the Greeks belonging to a gymnasium paid almost a quarter of this amount , and the Alexandrians were exempted .
The Romans also imposed compulsory service (munera Serdar) , which consisted of five days of service annually in which the Egyptian peasants had to serve forcibly the country in works such as cleaning canals and building dams .
The office of tax collector was honorary and obligatory , and paying taxes represented a collective responsibility: if a person could not pay the due taxes , his family had to
pay for him and if the family could not pay , the neighbors must pay them , and so forth . As a result , in times of drought , people escaped from villages and moved to towns and cities or joined gangs of bandits so as to avoid the abusing taxes .
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