Causes Why Arabs Achieved Victory in Their Conquest of Egypt

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1) The Weakness of the Romans and the Persians:
Among the causes of such a victory was the weakness of both the Romans and the Persians . The incessant wars between Persia and the Roman Empire made the armies of both combatants inter-penetrate and spread awe and panic in both territories . Both powers were terribly exhausted and looked for a lasting peace to heal their wounds and recover their strength . The Persians being in a sorry plight , Abu Baker and Omar sent them armies which wiped out the Sassanite Persian Empire and caused the loss of half the Roman Empire .
2) Numerous Taxes Levied:
The cost of the war and the expenditure on administration made the Persians and the Romans levy numerous taxes on their subjects whose race and interest were different from them . These people never resisted the Arabs in their conquest but stood aloof to see which would be victorious . The conquerors , in many cases , met with assistance from Syria and Egypt .
3) The Nature of the Arabs:
The poverty of Arabia accustomed its inhabitants and animals to doing with little food . The soldier used to carry only what food he and his horse needed for some weeks . On the other hand , the Persian and the Roman soldiers needed much food , drink and equipment . This not only necessitated considerable expenditure , but also a strong guard over the supply train .
4) Religious Persecution versus Islamic Tolerance:
The Roman Empire was divided into so many religious creeds that the government was forced to devote much effort to reconciling the various religious factions . When the Roman Empire tailed , it persecuted those who embraced a creed different from that of the Romans . The Egyptians and the Syrians were badly treated and were deprived from religious freedom and their priests were scattered and exiled . When the persecuted heard of the tolerance of the new faith , they welcomed the Arabs' conquest .
5) Numerous Races in the Non-Arab Armies:
The armies of the Arabs were one race; spoke one language; and had the same feelings , all of which led them to understand each others . The Persian and Roman soldiers were of different races and spoke different languages . Many were mercenaries who were more delighted when chaos prevailed than when they had to conquer people having valueless loot .
6) Fervor for Religion:
The Arab was devotedly faithful to his religion; did his best to make it prevail; and was ready to be a martyr so that he might go to Paradise . Islam filled the Muslim hearts with national pride that drove them to war with the Persians and the Romans of whom they had been terribly scared .